Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) mediate NADP+-dependent oxidation of aldehydes into acids during detoxification of alcohol-derived acetaldehyde; lipid peroxidation; and metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines and neurotransmitters. ALDH1A1, also designated retinal dehydrogenase 1 (RalDH1 or RALDH1); aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase cytosolic; ALDHII; ALDH-E1 or ALDH E1, is a retinal dehydrogenase that participates in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA). The major liver isoform ALDH1 localizes to cytosolic space, while ALDH2 localizzes to the mitochondria. The ALDH1A2 (RALDH2, RALDH2-T) gene produces three different transcripts and also catalyzes the synthesis of RA from retinaldehyde. ALDH2 is present in most Caucasians, yet is absent in 50% of Asians. The absence of this enzyme has been linked to alcohol intolerance; and thusly, a reduced risk for alcoholism-related liver disease.