Complement C3 precursor contains complement C3 beta chain, complement C3 alpha chain, C3a anaphylatoxin, complement C3b alpha chain, complement C3c fragment, complement C3dg fragment, complement C3g fragment, complement C3d fragment and complement C3f fragment. C3a, C4a, and C5a are potent anaphylatoxins that are released during complement activation, a system of ligand-surface protein interactions specific to cells of hematopoietic lineage that aids in the elimination of pathogens. C3a and C5a secretion correlates with pathophysiological phenotypes such as asthma and bacterial meningitis. Binding of these proteins to their respective G protein-coupled receptors (C3aR, C5aR), which are present on the surface of myeloid leukocytes, induces proinflammatory events such as cellular degranulation, smooth muscle contraction, arachidonic acid metabolism, cytokine release, leukocyte activation and cellular chemotaxis. C3aR is expressed in brain and activated B-lymphocytes whereas C5aR is prevalent on the surface of hepatocyte, lung, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells. Upon activation, C3aR and C5aR are susceptible to rapid GRK-mediated phosphorylation and clathrin-coated vesicle targeting. C5aR utilizes the Ras-Raf-ERK1/2 cascade and couples to Gi/G16 proteins.