As part of the MLL1/MLL complex, DPY30 is involved in the methylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-4', particularly trimethylation. Histone H3 'Lys-4' methylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. DPY30 may play some role in histone H3 acetylation. In a teratocarcinoma cell, it plays a crucial role in retinoic acid-induced differentiation along the neural lineage, regulating gene induction and H3 'Lys-4' methylation at key developmental loci. DPY30 may also play an indirect or direct role in endosomal transport. In the recent study, it showed that depletion of Dpy-30 does not affect ESC self-renewal, but significantly alters the differentiation potential of ESCs, particularly along the neural lineage.