S-100 proteins are small dimeric members of the EF-Hand superfamily that participate in moderating intracellular calcium signals by binding to and regulating specific proteins in a calcium-dependent manner. S-100P is a survival factor that is associated with different types of tumors and can bind and regulate effector proteins. R1881, a synthetic androgen, regulates S-100P expression. S-100P interacts with a receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and activates it, thereby increasing the rates of cell growth, division, migration and invasion. This suggests that S-100P acts in an auto-crine manner through RAGE to trigger cell proliferation and survival. S-100P may also positively affect anchorage-independent growth to improve tumor formation. S-100P monomers strongly interact with one another, but not with other S-100 polypeptides, suggesting that homodimer formation is necessary for S-100P to function. The S-100P dimers are then stabilized by hydrophobic contacts.