Succinimidyl-4- (N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) is a non-cleavable and membrane permeable crosslinker. It contains an amine-reactive N -hydroxysuccinimide (NHS ester) and a sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide group. NHS esters react with primary amines at pH 7-9 to form stable amide bonds. Maleimides react with sulfhydryl groups at pH 6.5-7.5 to form stable thioether bonds. The maleimide groups of SMCC and Sulfo-SMCC and are unusually stable up to pH 7.5 because of the cyclohexane bridge in the spacer arm.