Vang-like protein 1 is a multi-pass membrane protein, expressed specifically in testis and ovary. It interacts through its C-terminal region with the N-terminal half of DVL1, DVL2 and DVL3. Vangl proteins play a key developmental role in establishing planar cell polarity (PCP) and in regulating convergent extension (CE) movements during embryogenesis. Vangl1 and Vangl2 are both downregulated in several cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Defects in VANGL1 are a cause of neural tube defects (NTD) and a cause of sacral defect with anterior meningocele (SDAM).